| 139 | 0 | 418 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
在低蛋白、低豆粕技术广泛应用的背景下，通过杂粮-杂粕替代传统玉米-豆粕型饲粮中粮食作物的用量，增加非常规饲料资源的饲用比例，已成为养猪业节粮减排、提质增效的重要目标。然而，当以植物源性农副产物替代常规饲粮的主要原料时，尽管通过能源载体（如油脂和淀粉）和氨基酸的补充形式可以达到特定生理阶段猪对营养物质的数量需求，但往往无法较好地控制饲粮纤维水平的增加。饲粮纤维在过去的传统营养学中被视为抗营养物质，其水平的增加会稀释饲粮有效养分进而降低猪的饲料转化效率。但随着对饲料营养特性认识的不断提高，饲粮纤维被证明是一种具有营养、非营养及抗营养特性的复杂碳水化合物聚合物。目前已明确，饲粮纤维组分或结构的改变会影响猪消化道食糜的流变性质和转运，进而影响猪对饲料养分的消化和代谢。充分认识和理解饲粮纤维的化学结构特征、物理性质及其与动物营养生理之间的关系，对非常规饲料资源的高效利用和推动猪饲粮配方结构的多元化具有重要的理论意义及实践价值。因此，文章围绕饲粮纤维的物理化学性质，重点阐述了饲粮纤维结构对猪消化道内食糜流变性质和排空特征的影响，以期为饲粮纤维营养的充分认识和提高非常规饲料资源的利用效率提供参考。
Abstract：Against the backdrop of the widespread application of low-protein and low-soybean meal technology, replacing the consumption of food crops in traditional corn-soybean meal-based diets with coarse grains and alternative protein meals and increasing the feeding proportion of unconventional feed resources have become important objectives for grain-saving, emission reduction, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement in the swine industry.However, when plant-derived agricultural by-products are used to replace the main ingredients of conventional diets, although the quantitative nutrient requirements of pigs at specific physiological stages can be met through the supplementation of energy carriers(such as lipids and starch) and amino acids, it is often difficult to properly control the increase in dietary fiber levels. In traditional nutrition, dietary fiber was once regarded as an antinutritional factor; increased levels of dietary fiber dilute the available nutrients in the diet, thereby reducing the feed conversion efficiency of pigs.However, with the continuous improvement in the understanding of the nutritional characteristics of feeds, dietary fiber has been proven to be a complex carbohydrate polymer with nutritional, non-nutritional, and anti-nutritional properties. Furthermore, it has been clearly established that changes in the composition or structure of dietary fiber affect the rheological properties and transit of digesta in the pig gastrointestinal tract, thereby influencing the digestion and metabolism of feed nutrients in pigs. A thorough understanding of the chemical structural characteristics and physical properties of dietary fiber, as well as their relationships with animal nutritional physiology, holds significant theoretical significance and practical value for the efficient utilization of unconventional feed resources and the promotion of diversification in pig diet formula structures. Thus, focusing on the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, this paper elaborates on the effects of dietary fiber structure on the rheological properties and emptying characteristics of digesta in the pig gastrointestinal tract, aiming to provide a reference for fully understanding dietary fiber nutrition and improving the utilization efficiency of unconventional feed resources.
[1]陈怡然,熊竹青,周脚根,等.畜禽养殖业数据应用展望和问题分析[J].中国科学院院刊, 2024, 39(11):1982-1993.
[2]谯仕彦.饲料营养与饲养科技创新是实施饲用豆粕减量行动的主要抓手[J].中国饲料, 2023(22):8-14.
[3]车淑芬.茶籽饼粕饲料化的应用研究[J].中国畜禽种业, 2021, 17(6):57-58.
[4] YONG F, LIU B, LI H J, et al. Relationship between dietary fiber physicochemical properties and feedstuff fermentation characteristics and their effects on nutrient utilization, energy metabolism, and gut microbiota in growing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2025, 16(1):1.
[5]车东升,刘博,永锋,等.饲粮纤维理化特性对猪小肠营养物质消化影响的研究进展[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(10):6327-6333.
[6] SCHELLER H V, ULVSKOV P. Hemicelluloses[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2010, 61:263-289.
[7] NISHINARI K, TAKEMASA M, ZHANG H, et al. Storage plant polysaccharides:xyloglucans, galactomannans, glucomannans[M]//Comprehensive glycoscience. Amsterdam:Elsevier, 2007:613-652.
[8] BACH KNUDSEN K E. Microbial degradation of whole-grain complex carbohydrates and impact on short-chain fatty acids and health[J]. Advances in Nutrition, 2015, 6(2):206-213.
[9] ROBERFROID M. Dietary fiber, inulin, and oligofructose:a review comparing their physiological effects[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1993, 33(2):103-148.
[10] JAWORSKI N W, L?RKE H N, BACH KNUDSEN K E, et al. Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2015, 93(3):1103-1113.
[11]永锋,刘博,韩蕊,等.饲粮纤维对猪生产性能和肉品质影响的研究进展[J].动物营养学报, 2022, 34(11):6851-6859.
[12] GILL S K, ROSSI M, BAJKA B, et al. Dietary fibre in gastrointestinal health and disease[J]. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology&Hepatology, 2021, 18(2):101-116.
[13] SALAMA A. Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrids:new materials for biomedical and environmental applications[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 127:606-617.
[14] DU B, MEENU M, LIU H Z, et al. A concise review on the molecular structure and function relationship of β-glucan[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(16). DOI:10.3390/ijms20164032.
[15]张厚德,张厚瑞.膳食纤维平衡的基本概念[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2018, 27(10):1086-1096.
[16] NIU Y G, LI N, XIA Q, et al. Comparisons of three modifications on structural, rheological and functional properties of soluble dietary fibers from tomato peels[J]. LWT, 2018, 88:56-63.
[17] BEDFORD M R, SVIHUS B, COWIESON A J. Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2024, 16:231-240.
[18]李晓楠,冯玉超,乐婧钰,等.膳食纤维在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J].中国饲料, 2025(15):1-9.
[19] PROSKY L, ASP N G, FURDA I, et al. Determination of total dietary fiber in foods and food products:collaborative study[J].Journal-Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1985, 68(4):677-679.
[20] CHASSARD C, DELMAS E, ROBERT C, et al. The cellulosedegrading microbial community of the human gut varies according to the presence or absence of methanogens[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2010, 74(1):205-213.
[21] RANINEN K, LAPPI J, MYKK?NEN H, et al. Dietary fiber type reflects physiological functionality:comparison of grain fiber,inulin, and polydextrose[J]. Nutrition Reviews, 2011, 69(1):9-21.
[22] ZHAO J B, BAI Y, ZHANG G, et al. Relationship between dietary fiber fermentation and volatile fatty acids’ concentration in growing pigs[J]. Animals, 2020, 10(2):263.
[23] ZHANG G, ZHAO J B, SONG X M, et al. Feeding dietary fermentable fiber improved fecal microbial composition and increased acetic acid production in a nursery pig model[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2023, 101. DOI:10.1093/jas/skad260.
[24] COMINO P, WILLIAMS B A, GIDLEY M J. In vitro fermentation gas kinetics and end-products of soluble and insoluble cereal flour dietary fibres are similar[J]. Food&Function, 2018, 9(2):898-905.
[25] ZENG X Y, CUI B, ZHOU B, et al. Effect of ultrasound and salt on structural and physical properties of sodium alginate/soy protein isolates composite fiber[J]. Foods, 2023, 12(23):4275.
[26] HUANG S B, CUI Z J, HAO X Y, et al. Dietary fibers with low hydration properties exacerbate diarrhea and impair intestinal health and nutrient digestibility in weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2022, 13(1):142.
[27] XIA X, WEI H K, HU L L, et al. Hydratability and improved fermentability in vitro of guar gum by combination of xanthan gum[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2021, 258:117625.
[28] XIA T, NIE Y N, CHEN Y, et al. Structural and physicochemical properties and changes in vitro digestion and fermentation of soluble dietary fiber from tea residues modified by fermentation[J].Food Chemistry, 2025, 473:142926.
[29] LEE G I, HEDEMANN M S, J?RGENSEN H, et al. Influence of dietary fibre on nutrient digestibility and energy utilisation in growing pigs fed diets varying in soluble and insoluble fibres from coproducts[J]. Animal, 2022, 16(5):100511.
[30] HOAD C L, RAYMENT P, SPILLER R C, et al. In vivo imaging of intragastric gelation and its effect on satiety in humans[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 134(9):2293-2300.
[31] MARCIANI L, GOWLAND P A, SPILLER R C, et al. Effect of meal viscosity and nutrients on satiety, intragastric dilution, and emptying assessed by MRI[J]. American Journal of Physiology.Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2001, 280(6):G1227-G1233.
[32] VINCENT R, ROBERTS A, FRIER M, et al. Effect of bran particle size on gastric emptying and small bowel transit in humans:a scintigraphic study[J]. Gut, 1995, 37(2):216-219.
[33] SCHOP M, JANSMAN A J M, DE VRIES S, et al. Increased diet viscosity by oat β-glucans decreases the passage rate of liquids in the stomach and affects digesta physicochemical properties in growing pigs[J]. Animal, 2020, 14(2):269-276.
[34] OWUSU-ASIEDU A, PATIENCE J F, LAARVELD B, et al.Effects of guar gum and cellulose on digesta passage rate, ileal microbial populations, energy and protein digestibility, and performance of grower pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 84(4):843-852.
[35] NSOR-ATINDANA J, DOUGLAS GOFF H, LIU W, et al. The resilience of nanocrystalline cellulose viscosity to simulated digestive processes and its influence on glucose diffusion[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 200:436-445.
[36] ZHANG H, LI Z, ZHANG L L, et al. Effects of soluble dietary fibers on the viscosity property and digestion kinetics of corn starch digesta[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 338:127825.
[37] GERRITS W J J, SCHOP M T A, DE VRIES S, et al. ASAS-NANP symposium:digestion kinetics in pigs:the next step in feed evaluation and a ready-to-use modeling exercise[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2021, 99(2). DOI:10.1093/jas/skab020.
[38] XU C H, LIU J H, GAO J W, et al. The effect of functional fiber on microbiota composition in different intestinal segments of obese mice[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(12):6525.
[39] GRZE?KOWIAK?, SALIU E M, MARTíNEZ-VALLESPíN B, et al. Dietary fiber and its role in performance, welfare, and health of pigs[J]. Animal Health Research Reviews, 2022, 23(2):165-193.
[40] GRZE?KOWIAK?, VAHJEN W, ZENTEK J. Dietary fibre fermentability quantitatively modulates faecal bacterial pathogens in sows and their offspring[J]. Livestock Science, 2025, 292:105636.
[41] JHA R, LETERME P. Feed ingredients differing in fermentable fibre and indigestible protein content affect fermentation metabolites and faecal nitrogen excretion in growing pigs[J]. Animal,2012, 6(4):603-611.
[42] ADEBIYI A O, RAGLAND D, ADEOLA O, et al. Apparent or standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of diets containing different protein feedstuffs fed at two crude protein levels for growing pigs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2015, 28(9):1327-1334.
[43] GUTIERREZ N A, KERR B J, PATIENCE J F. Effect of insolublelow fermentable fiber from corn-ethanol distillation origin on energy, fiber, and amino acid digestibility, hindgut degradability of fiber, and growth performance of pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2013, 91(11):5314-5325.
[44]赵金标,宋孝明,李忠超,等.不同纤维原料在生长猪的有效能和营养物质表观全肠道消化率的测定[J].动物营养学报, 2021,33(11):6114-6122.
[45] J?RGENSEN H, ZHAO X Q, EGGUM B O. The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temperature on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility, degree of fermentation in the hind-gut and energy metabolism in pigs[J]. The British Journal of Nutrition, 1996, 75(3):365-378.
[46] LE GOFF G, DUBOIS S, MILGEN J V, et al. Influence of dietary fibre level on digestive and metabolic utilisation of energy in growing and finishing pigs[J]. Animal Research, 2002, 51(3):245-259.
[47] WANG J F, ZHU Y H, LI D F, et al. The influence of different fiber and starch types on nutrient balance and energy metabolism in growing pigs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2004, 17(2):263-270.
[48] GAO Q T, LIU Z Q, LI K, et al. Time-course effects of different fiber-rich ingredients on energy values, microbiota composition and SCFA profile in growing pigs[J]. Animal Nutrition, 2023, 12:263-275.
[49] FOUHSE J M, GAO J, VASANTHAN T, et al. Whole-grain fiber composition influences site of nutrient digestion, standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids, and whole-body energy utilization in grower Pigs1[J]. The Journal of Nutrition, 2017, 147(1):29-36.
[50] HANSEN M J, CHWALIBOG A, TAUSON A H, et al. Influence of different fibre sources on digestibility and nitrogen and energy balances in growing pigs[J]. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2006, 60(5):390-401.
[51] CAMP MONTORO J, MANZANILLA E G, SOLà-ORIOL D, et al.Predicting productive performance in grow-finisher pigs using birth and weaning body weight[J]. Animals, 2020, 10(6):1017.
[52] Patrá?P. Effect of fiber content on absorption and distribution of nitrogen in growing pigs[Z]. 2020:53.
[53] GALASSI G, MALAGUTTI L, MATTEO CROVETTO G. Growth and slaughter performance, nitrogen balance and ammonia emission from slurry in pigs fed high fibre diets[J]. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2007, 6(3):227-239.
[54]朱丽媛.日粮纤维对生长猪氮排放影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院, 2017.
[55]王彦平,王诚,张印,等.日粮粗纤维水平和猪品种对氮代谢的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医(上半月), 2011(11):57-59.
[56] RENTERIA-FLORES J A, JOHNSTON L J, SHURSON G C, et al.Effect of soluble and insoluble fiber on energy digestibility, nitrogen retention, and fiber digestibility of diets fed to gestating sows[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2008, 86(10):2568-2575.
[57] GAO L X, CHEN L, HUANG Q H, et al. Effect of dietary fiber type on intestinal nutrient digestibility and hindgut fermentation of diets fed to finishing pigs[J]. Livestock Science, 2015, 174:53-58.
[58] ZHANG W J, LI D F, LIU L, et al. The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2013, 4(1):17.
[59] Boulos N N, Greenfield H, Wills R B H. Water holding capacity of selected soluble and insoluble dietary fibre[J]. International Journal of Food Properties, 2000, 3(2):217-231.
[60] HU P, WANG L G, HU Z J, et al. Effects of multi-bacteria solidstate fermented diets with different crude fiber levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and microbial flora of finishing pigs[J]. Animals, 2021, 11(11):3079.
[61] ISAKSSON G, LUNDQUIST I, IHSE I. In vitro inhibition of pancreatic enzyme activities by dietary fiber[J]. Digestion, 1982, 24(1):54-59.
[62] ALAM S A, J?RVINEN J, KIRJORANTA S, et al. Influence of particle size reduction on structural and mechanical properties of extruded rye bran[J]. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2014, 7(7):2121-2133.
[63] OTTESEN V, SYVERUD K. Swelling of individual cellulose nanofibrils in water, role of crystallinity:an AFM study[J]. Cellulose,2021, 28(1):19-29.
[64] MATEOS G G, JIMéNEZ-MORENO E, SERRANO M P, et al.Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics 1 1 Papers from the Informal Nutrition Symposium,“Exploring Maximum Animal Responses,”were presented at the Poultry Science Association and American Association of Avian Pathologists 2011 Annual Meeting in St.Louis, Missouri, on July 16, 2011[J]. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2012, 21(1):156-174.
[65] KHERAVII S K, SWICK R A, CHOCT M, et al. Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose-rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science, 2017,96(9):3272-3281.
[66] NYENDE P W, WANG L F, ZIJLSTRA R T, et al. Effect of feeding mid-or zero-tannin faba bean cultivars differing in vicine and covicine content on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weaned pigs[J]. Translational Animal Science, 2022, 6(2):txac049.
[67] LI S, LI J, LI B. Regulatory effects of konjac fiber on chyme digestion and microbiota and its satiety-enhancing mechanism in gastrointestinal tract[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2025, 166:111347.
[68] CHUTKAN R, FAHEY G, WRIGHT W L, et al. Viscous versus nonviscous soluble fiber supplements:mechanisms and evidence for fiber-specific health benefits[J]. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2012, 24(8):476-487.
[69] ANDERSON J W, ALLGOOD L D, LAWRENCE A, et al.Cholesterol-lowering effects of Psyllium intake adjunctive to diet therapy in men and women with hypercholesterolemia:metaanalysis of 8 controlled trials[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000, 71(2):472-479.
[70] JHA R, BERROCOSO J D. Review:dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine[J].Animal, 2015, 9(9):1441-1452.
[71] ULLRICH S E, CLANCY J A, ESLICK R F, et al. β-glucan content and viscosity of extracts from waxy barley[J]. Journal of Cereal Science, 1986, 4(3):279-285.
[72] MCDONALD D E, PETHICK D W, MULLAN B P, et al. Increasing viscosity of the intestinal contents alters small intestinal structure and intestinal growth, and stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in newly-weaned pigs[J]. The British Journal of Nutrition, 2001, 86(4):487-498.
[73] WENK C. The role of dietary fibre in the digestive physiology of the pig[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001, 90(1/2):21-33.
[74] HOWARTH N C, SALTZMAN E, ROBERTS S B. Dietary fiber and weight regulation[J]. Nutrition Reviews, 2001, 59(5):129-139.
[75] ZIJLSTRA N, DE WIJK R A, MARS M, et al. Effect of bite size and oral processing time of a semisolid food on satiation[J]. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2009, 90(2):269-275.
[76] MüLLER M, CANFORA E E, BLAAK E E. Gastrointestinal transit time, glucose homeostasis and metabolic health:modulation by dietary fibers[J]. Nutrients, 2018, 10(3):275.
[77] SERENA A, J?RGENSEN H, BACH KNUDSEN K E. Digestion of carbohydrates and utilization of energy in sows fed diets with contrasting levels and physicochemical properties of dietary fiber[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2008, 86(9):2208-2216.
[78] KNUDSEN K E, JENSEN B B, HANSEN I. Digestion of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed on diets consisting of oat fractions rich in beta-Dglucan[J]. The British Journal of Nutrition, 1993, 70(2):537-556.
[79] L. Wilfart V J M N. Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs and adult sows[M]. Animal Science, 1995.
[80] DORADO-MONTENEGRO S, LAMMERS-JANNINK K, GERRITS W, et al. Insoluble fibers affect digesta transit behavior in the upper gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs, regardless of particle size[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2023, 101.
[81]车东升,胡冰,永锋.饲粮纤维营养特性及其对猪营养物质利用影响的研究进展[J/OL].吉林农业大学学报, 1-12[2025-11-25].
[82] YONG F, LI H, HU B, et al. Effect of the interaction between dietary fiber structure and apparent viscosity on the production performance of growing pigs. Animals, 2025, 15, 3310.
基本信息:
DOI：10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2025.23.001
中图分类号:S816
引用信息:
[1]车东升,何国郡,永锋,等.饲粮纤维结构和物理性质对猪食糜流变性质和排空特征影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2025,46(23):1-10.DOI:10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2025.23.001.
基金信息:
吉林省科技厅杰出青年基金项目[20230508090RC]
2025-12-10
2025-12-10