许友卿,刘晓丽,安晓玲,王利香,丁兆坤

• 1:广西大学水产科学研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFAs)是机体必需的脂肪酸(EFAs),功能多而重要。然而,在现实研究中,从脂肪或脂肪酸的角度研究其对机体影响的多,专题研究HUFAs的少,以致对HUFAs的影响及其机理的研究不够全面。本文概述HUFAs对水生动物代谢的影响及机理,重点综述HUFAs对脂肪酸代谢、蛋白质代谢、糖(能量)代谢、核酸代谢的影响及其机理,以便进一步深入研究、掌握HUFAs影响水生动物代谢的规律和调控机制,有效地应用HUFAs调控水生动物代谢,改善水生动物的生长发育,促进其健康养殖,提高生产效率,增加社会效益和经济效益。

关键词(KeyWords)： 高度不饱和脂肪酸;调控;代谢;生长发育;水生动物

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目[31360639];; 广西生物学博士点建设项目[P11900116;P11900117];; 广西自然科学基金项目[2014GXNSFAA118286;2014GXNSFAA118292]

作者(Author): 许友卿,刘晓丽,安晓玲,王利香,丁兆坤

DOI: 10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2017.04.001

参考文献(References)：

• [1]丁兆坤,麻艳群,许友卿.合成高度不饱和脂肪酸去饱和酶的分子生物学研究Ⅰ.结构与功能[J].中国生物工程杂志,2008(s1):196-200.
• [2]丁兆坤,刘亮,许友卿.二十碳四烯酸研究[J].水产科学,2007,26(12):684-688.
• [3]许友卿,张海柱,丁兆坤.二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的代谢研究[J].水产科学,2007,26(10):580-583.
• [4]许友卿,丁兆坤.水产动物饲料添加剂促进营养与免疫的研究[J].水产科学,2013,32(5):300-305.
• [5]Xu Y Q,Li W F,Ding Z K.Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements could considerably promote the breeding performance of carp[J].Eur.J.Lipid Sci.Technol.,2016,118.doi:10.1002/ejlt.201600183
• [6]马晶晶,王际英,孙建珍,等.饲料中DHA/EPA值对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血清生理指标的影响[J].水产学报,2014(2):244-256.
• [7]许友卿,庄丽,丁兆坤.多不饱和脂肪酸对海水仔稚鱼生长发育的影响及机理[J].饲料工业,2010,31(14):13-18.
• [8]徐瀚林.饲料中n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸水平对花鲈幼鱼血清生化指标的影响[J].河北渔业,2016,273(9):1-3.
• [9]吉红,曹艳姿,刘品,等.饲料中HUFA影响草鱼脂质代谢的研究[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(5):881-889.
• [10]李超,刘品,曹艳姿,等.草鱼LXRα基因的克隆及表达研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(6):1-9.
• [11]Morais S,Pratoomyot J,Taggart J B,et al.Genotype-specific responses in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)subject to dietary fish oil replacement by vegetable oil:a liver transcriptomic analysis[J].BMC Genomics,2011,12(1):1-17.
• [12]Ji H,Li J,Liu P.Regulation of growth performance and lipid metabolism by dietaryn-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology:Part B.Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2011,159(1):49-56.
• [13]Li C,Liu P,Ji H,et al.Dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids affect the biological and serum biochemical parameters,tissue fatty acid profile,antioxidation status and expression of lipid-metabolism-related genes in grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,21(3):373-383.
• [14]艾立川.n-3HUFA对西伯利亚鲟亲鱼繁殖力及子代发育和脂肪代谢的影响[D].中国农业科学院,2015.
• [15]Olsen R E,Henderson R J,Mc Andrew B J.The conversion of linoleic-acid and linolenic acid to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty-acids by tilapia(Oreochromis nilotica)in vivo[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1990,8(3):261-270.
• [16]许友卿,钟鸣,丁兆坤.多不饱和脂肪酸对鱼饲料转化率的影响及其机理[J].饲料工业,2010,31(8):46-50.
• [17]Varga T,Czimmerer Z,Nagy L.PPARs are a unique set of fatty acid regulated transcription factors controlling both lipid metabolism and inflammation[J].Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta,2011,1812(8):1007-1022.
• [18]李超.n-3高不饱和脂肪酸对草鱼生长、脂代谢及健康状况的影响[D].西北农林科技大学,2013.
• [19]Yildiz M.Effects of Dietary Lipids on Growth and Fatty Acid Composition in Russian Sturgeon(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)Juveniles[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary&Animal Sciences,2005,29(5):1101-1107.
• [20]Cao J M,Liu Y J,Lao C L,et al.Effect of different dietary fatty acids on tissue lipid content and fatty acid composition of grass carp[J].Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,1997,9(3):36-44.
• [21]Liu P,Li C,Huang J,et al.Regulation of adipocytes lipolysis by n-3 HUFA in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)in vitro and in vivo[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,40(5):1447-1460.
• [22]Tian J,Ji H,Oku H,et al.Effects of dietary arachidonic acid(ARA)on lipid metabolism and health status of juvenile grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Aquaculture,2014,430(15):57-65.
• [23]Wang L N,Liu W B,Lu K L,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate/lipid ratios on non-specific immune responses,oxidative status and liver histology of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco[J].Aquaculture,2014,s 426-427(1):41-48.
• [24]唐传核,徐建祥,彭志英.脂肪酸营养与功能的最新研究[J].中国油脂,2000,25(6):20-25.
• [25]何志谦.人类营养学[M].第二版.北京:人民卫生出版社.2000:9-123.
• [26]马晶晶,邵庆均,许梓荣,等.n-3高不饱和脂肪酸对黑鲷幼鱼生长及脂肪代谢的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(4):639-649.
• [27]Boglino A,Gisbert E,Darias M J,et al.Isolipidic diets differing in their essential fatty acid profiles affect the deposition of unsaturated neutral lipids in the intestine,liver and vascular system of Senegalese sole larvae and early juveniles[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2012,162(1):59-70.
• [28]Zuo R,Ai Q,Mai K,et al.Effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth,nonspecific immunity,expression of some immune related genes and disease resistance of large yellow croaker(Larmichthys crocea)following natural infestation of parasites(Cryptocaryon irri)[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2012,32(2):249-258.
• [29]胡水鑫,王骥腾,韩涛,等.饲料n-3HUFA对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长、饲料利用和组织脂肪酸组成影响的研究[J].饲料工业,2015(8):18-25.
• [30]黄吉芹.DHA对草鱼前体脂肪细胞及线粒体发育影响的初步研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2013.
• [31]黄裕,王际英,李宝山,等.小麦胚芽油替代鱼油对半滑舌鳎幼鱼生长、体成分、血清生化指标及脂肪代谢酶的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(6):1195-1208.
• [32]Li X Y,Wang J T,Han T,et al.Effects of phospholipid addition to diets with different inclusion levels of fish oil on growth and fatty acid body composition of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(4):125-126.
• [33]张稳.三疣梭子蟹对n-3系列高度不饱和脂肪酸、维生素C和维生素E需求量的研究[D].宁波大学,2014.
• [34]蒋左玉,善海波,姚俊杰,等.脂肪营养对鱼类脂肪沉积及代谢关键酶的影响[J].科学养鱼,2014(7):78-80.
• [35]吉红,田晶晶.高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFAs)在淡水鱼类中的营养作用研究进展[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1650-1665.
• [36]吉红,黄吉芹,刘品,等.草鱼ATGL基因的表达及饲喂n-3HUFAs对其的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):732-739.
• [37]Falk-Petersen S,Falk-Petersen I B,Sargent J R,et al.Lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs from the Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus)[J].Aquaculture,1986,52(3):207-211.
• [38]Liao M,Ren T,Chen W,et al.Optimum Level of Dietary n-3Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Juvenile Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2015,46(6):642-649.
• [39]Gao W,Liu Y J,Tian L X,et al.Protein-sparing capability of dietary lipid in herbivorous and omnivorous freshwater finfish:a comparative case study on grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus x O-aureus)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(1):2-12.
• [40]彭士明,陈立侨,叶金云,等.饵料蛋白能量比对黑明幼鱼生长和体成分的影响[J].中国水产科学,2005,12(4):465-470.
• [41]Bell J G,Mcevoy J,Tocher D R,et al.Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2001,131:1535-1543.
• [42]Mirheydari S M,Matinfar A,Emadi H.Relation Between Reproductive and Biologic Performance of Litopenaeus vannamei Females Broodstock Fed Different Dietary Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid(HUFA)Levels[J].World Applied Sciences Journal,2014,32(1):123-132.
• [43]Tian J J,Lu R H,Ji H,et al.Comparative analysis of the hepatopancreas transcriptome of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)fed with lard oil and fish oil diets[J].Gene,2015,565(2):192-200.
• [44]潘瑜.亚麻油对鲤生长性能、脂质代谢及抗氧化能力的影响[D].西南大学,2013.
• [45]Helland A,Wick P,Koehler A,et al.Reviewing the Environmental and Human Health Knowledge Base of Carbon Nanotubes[J].Ciênc Saúde Coletiva,2008,13(2):441-452.
• [46]何流健.两种规格斜带石斑鱼n-3高度不饱和脂肪酸和卵磷脂需要量的研究[D].广东海洋大学,2013.
• [47]魏广莲,徐钢春,顾若波,等.饲料中添加不饱和脂肪酸对刀鲚幼鱼脂肪代谢酶活性和肌肉成分的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):270-278.
• [48]彭安芳,毛丽梅,陈艳,等.不同脂肪酸构成比膳食对大鼠脂联素及其受体表达的影响[J].营养学报,2009,31(2):129-131.
• [49]吕玉珊,罗玮,宋佳,等.n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对3T3-L1脂肪细胞脂联素及PPARγ表达的调节作用[J].营养学报,2016,38(2):152-156.
• [50]袁继红,龙欢,雷霆,等.成熟脂肪细胞中脂联素基因表达的脂肪酸应答调控[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(3):320-325.
• [51]Bueno A A,Oyama L M,Oliveira C D,et al.Effects of different fatty acids and dietary lipids on adiponectin gene expression in3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6J mice adipose tissue[J].Pflügers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology,2008,455(4):701-709.
• [52]朱昱哲.高含量DHA/EPA甘油三酯调节脂质代谢和改善胰岛素抵抗作用的研究[D].中国海洋大学,2013.
• [53]王建平,王加启,卜登攀,等.脂肪的生理功能及作用机制[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(2):42-45.
• [54]Greta C A,Tocher D R,Martinez-Rubio L,et al.Conservation of lipid metabolic gene transcriptional regulatory networks in fish and mammals[J].Gene,2014,534:1-9.
• [55]Egea M,Metón I,Córdoba M,et al.Role of Sp1 and SREBP-1a in the insulin-mediated regulation of glucokinase transcription in the liver of gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)[J].Journal of Molecular Endocrinology,2007,38(4):481-492.
• [56]Passeri M,Cinaroglu A C,Sadler K.Hepatic steatosis in response to acute alcohol exposure in zebrafish requires sterol regulatory element binding protein activation[J].Hepatology,2009,49(2):443-452.
• [57]Howarth D L,Passeri M,Sadler K C.Drinks like a fish:Using zebrafish to understand alcoholic liver disease[J].Alcoholism:Clinical and Experimental Research,2011,35(5):826-829.
• [58]Coccia E,Varricchio E,Vito P,et al.Fatty acid-specific alterations in leptin,PPARα,and CPT-1 gene expression in the rainbow trout[J].Lipids,2014,49(10):1033-1046.
• [59]Xu Y,Ding Z,Zhang H,et al.Different ratios of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids do not alter growth,nucleic acid and fatty acids of juvenile cobia(Rachycentron canadum).[J].Lipids,2009,44(12):1091-1104.
• [60]Ding Z,Y.X U,Zhang H,et al.No significant effect of additive ratios of docosahexaenoic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid on the survival and growth of cobia(Rachycentron canadum)juvenile[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2009,15(3):254-261.
• [61]许友卿,逄劭楠,丁兆坤.多不饱和脂肪酸对基因表达的影响及其机理[J].饲料工业,2011,32(2):56-60.
• [62]Kuah M K,Jaya-Ram A,Shu-Chien A C.The capacity for longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in a carnivorous vertebrate:Functional characterisation and nutritional regulation of a Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase withΔ4 activity and an Elovl5 elongase in striped snakehead(Channa striata)[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,2015,1851(3):248-260.
• [63]许友卿,郑一民,丁兆坤.营养素对水生动物生长发育相关基因表达的影响及机理研究[J].饲料工业,2015,36(12):1-7.
• [64]许友卿,郑一民,丁兆坤.合成高度不饱和脂肪酸△6去饱和酶研究的回顾与前瞻[J].饲料工业,2008,29(14):41-44.
• [65]Luo Z,Tan X Y,Liu C X,et al.Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid levels on growth performance,muscle fatty acid profile,hepatic intermediary metabolism and antioxidant responses in genetically improved farmed Tilapia strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(9):1392-1403.
• [66]Leaver M J,Boukouvala E,Antonopoulou E,et al.Three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isotypes from each of two species of marine fish[J].Endocrinology,2005,146(7):3150-3162.
• [67]Petrescu A D,Huang H,Martin G G,et al.Impact of L-FABP and glucose on polyunsaturated fatty acid induction of PPARα-regulatedβ-oxidative enzymes[J].American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal&Liver Physiology,2013,304(3):241-256.
• [68]Gorge Howell III,Deng X,Yellaturu C,et al.N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress insulin-induced SREBP-1c transcription via reduced trans-activating capacity of LXRα[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids,2009,1791(12):1190-1196.
• [69]Aranda A,Pascual A.Nuclear hormone receptors and geneexpression[J].Physiological Reviews,2001,81(3):1269-1304.
• [70]Steffensen K R,Gustafsson J A.Putative metabolic effects of the liver X receptor(LXR)[J].Diabetes,2004,53(1):36-42.
• [71]Cruz-Garcia L,Sánchez-Gurmaches J,Bouraoui L,et al.Changes in adipocyte cell size,gene expression of lipid metabolism markers,and lipolytic responses induced by dietary fish oil replacement in gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata,L.)[J].2010,158(4):391-399.
• [72]Cruzgarcia L,Minghetti M,Navarro I,et al.Molecular cloning,tissue expression and regulation of liver X receptor(LXR)transcription factors of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)and rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part B Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,2009,153(1):81-88.
• [73]Cruz-Garcia L,Sánchez-Gurmaches J,Gutiérrez J,et al.Regulation of LXR by fatty acids,insulin,growth hormone and tumor necrosis factor-αin rainbow trout myocytes[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2011,160(2):125-136.
• [74]Li Y,Xu S,Mihaylova M,et al.AMPK Phosphorylates and Inhibits SREBP Activity to Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Atherosclerosis in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice[J].Cell Metabolism,2011,13(4):376-388.